History entrance exam, 2014 E.C. (2022)

The Black Lion organisation was formed at Gore in 1936 by army officers who had withdrawn with Ras Imru together with educated young Ethiopians. Lieutenant Colonel Belay Haileab was its military leader.

The group fought by guerrilla methods, not in open conventional battle, so B fails. The so called Yewist Arbegnoch, the insider patriots, kept their posts under the Italians in order to pass information and supplies to the fighters, so they did not abandon the resistance.

Textbook: History Grade 10, Unit 3, section 3.5 Fascist Italian Aggression and Patriotic Resistance (pages 69 to 75).

Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939, and two days later Britain and France declared war on Germany. That invasion is the immediate cause of the Second World War.

The seizure of Czechoslovakia and the pact with the Soviet Union came earlier in 1938 and August 1939 and are background causes. Pearl Harbor was attacked in December 1941, more than two years after the war had started, so it cannot be its cause.

Textbook: History Grade 10, Unit 4, section 4.6 The Second World War 1939 to 1945 (page 104).

The Military Staff Committee works under the Security Council. It is made up of the chiefs of staff of the five permanent members and advises the Council on the use of force and on peacekeeping.

The General Assembly, the International Court of Justice and the specialised agencies are separate organs of the United Nations, not bodies under the Security Council.

Textbook: History Grade 10, Unit 5, section 5.1 The United Nations Organization (page 111).

Only two states came out of the Second World War strong enough to be called super powers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union reached full super power standing in 1949, the year it tested its own atomic bomb and broke the American monopoly.

Option A adds the United Kingdom, which was worn out by the war, and option B confuses super power status with the five veto holding seats on the Security Council. China was a permanent member but not yet a super power.

Textbook: History Grade 10, Unit 5, section 5.2 The Rise of the Superpowers and the Beginning of the Cold War (page 117).

After 1941 land measurement, private land holding and large land sales spread quickly, and evictions became common. The result was that many peasants lost their land and became tenants, the arrangement known as chisegna, which covered most holdings in the southern half of the country.

Free medical service never reached the countryside, and peasants stayed subsistence farmers rather than producing for the market, so B and D fail.

Textbook: History Grade 10, Unit 6, section 6.1.4 Agriculture, Land Tenure and Tenancy (page 150).

After 1945 the world split into the capitalist West led by the United States and the socialist East led by the Soviet Union. That division is what the Cold War was fought across.

North and South, or First World and Third World, are ways of grouping countries by wealth, and they came into use later. They do not name the two camps of the Cold War.

Textbook: History Grade 10, Unit 5, section 5.2 The Rise of the Superpowers and the Beginning of the Cold War (page 117).