What do the Grade 7 Social Studies cards cover?

17 cards across 7 chapters of the national textbook: Physical Characteristics of the Earth, Human Evolution and World Population, Human and Natural Resources, Ancient Civilizations and Medieval, Ancient History of Africa, States and Peoples of Ancient and Medieval Ethiopia and Contemporary Global Issues. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.

Is there a national exam in Grade 7?

No. Ethiopia sets national exams in Grade 6, Grade 8 and Grade 12 only. These cards are for your school's own exams, and for the national exam that comes a few years later.

Where do these cards come from?

They are drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.

Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.

When was this last checked?

30 August 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

Free short notes and revision cards

Grade 7 Social Studies

Grade 7 Social Studies on Temari has 17 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.

17
Cards: 7
Chapters: 15
Reference tables: Grade 7 Social Studies
Textbook: Free
Price: 30 August 2026
Last checked

Everything17Reference table15Common mistake2

Physical Characteristics of the Earth

Earth Movements: Rotation and RevolutionReference tableRotation · Revolution

Movement	Axis or Path	Duration	Main Effects
Rotation	On its tilted axis ( $23.5^\circ$ )	24 hours (1 day)	Day and night, high and low ocean tides
Revolution	Elliptical orbit around the Sun	$365\frac{1}{4}$ days (1 year)	Four seasons, varying day and night length, solstices and equinoxes

When you use it

Use this card to compare the two motions of the Earth and identify their specific durations and geographical effects.

Watch out

Do not confuse the effects: rotation causes day and night, whereas revolution combined with the axial tilt causes the four seasons and varying day length.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 2-32, then checked twice before it went up

Internal Structure of the EarthReference tableCrust (Continental / Oceanic) · Mantle · Core (Outer / Inner)

Layer	Thickness or Volume	Main Composition	Physical State and Characteristics
Crust (Continental / Oceanic)	30 to 40 km / 5 to 6 km	SIAL (Silica, Aluminum) / SIMA (Silica, Magnesium)	Solid, outermost and thinnest layer of the Earth
Mantle	2900 km (84% of volume)	SIMA (Silicon and Magnesium)	Thickest layer: solid upper mantle, molten lower mantle (magma)
Core (Outer / Inner)	15% of Earth volume	NIFE (Nickel and Iron)	Innermost layer: liquid outer core, solid inner core under intense pressure

When you use it

Use this card when distinguishing the three concentric internal layers of the Earth, their composition, and their physical states.

Watch out

Continental crust is SIAL, whereas oceanic crust and the mantle are SIMA. The inner core is solid despite high temperature because of intense gravitational pressure.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 2-32, then checked twice before it went up

Rock Types and Distribution in EthiopiaReference tableIgneous · Sedimentary · Metamorphic

Rock Type	Mode of Formation	Examples and Uses	Distribution in Ethiopia
Igneous	Cooling and solidification of magma (intrusive) or lava (extrusive)	Basalt, granite (building and road construction)	Central part of Ethiopia
Sedimentary	Deposition and compaction of weathered sediments in layers	Coal, limestone, rock salt (energy fuels, minerals, cement)	Eastern part of Ethiopia
Metamorphic	Transformation of pre-existing rocks by intense heat and pressure	Marble, gold, metallic minerals (jewelry, decoration, wires)	Northern, western, and southern edges

When you use it

Use this card to classify the three rock families by their formation, economic uses, and geographic distribution across Ethiopia.

Watch out

Only sedimentary rocks contain layers and fossil fuels like coal and petroleum. Metamorphic rocks are formed from existing rocks altered by heat and pressure.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 2-32, then checked twice before it went up

Human Evolution and World Population

Demographic Rates and FormulasReference tableDoubling Time · Rate of Natural Increase · Sex Ratio · +2

Demographic Measure	Formula
Doubling Time	$\frac{70}{\text{growth rate}}$
Rate of Natural Increase	$\text{Birth rate} - \text{Death rate}$
Sex Ratio	$\frac{\text{Male population}}{\text{Female population}} \times 100$
Age Dependency Ratio	$\frac{\text{Population (0-14)} + \text{Population (65+)}}{\text{Population (15-64)}} \times 100$
Net Migration Rate	$\frac{\text{Immigrants} - \text{Emigrants}}{\text{Total population}} \times 1000$

When you use it

Use when calculating population doubling time, natural increase, sex ratio, dependency burden, or net migration.

Watch out

The denominator for Age Dependency Ratio is only the economically active population (aged 15 to 64), never the total population.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 33-79, then checked twice before it went up

Stages of Human EvolutionReference tableAustralopithecus afarensis · Homo habilis · Homo erectus · +1

Species	Key Characteristic	Ethiopian Fossil Sites
Australopithecus afarensis	Earliest hominid ancestor (Lucy or Dinkinesh)	Hadar (Afar)
Homo habilis	Handy human being, first tool maker	Omo valley
Homo erectus	Upright walking, mastered fire, first to migrate out of Africa	Omo Basin, Melka-Kunture, Konso-Gardula, Middle Awash
Homo sapiens	Wise human being, large brain, developed language and culture	Awash valley, Omo valley, Dire Dawa

When you use it

Use to compare early hominid and Homo species, their physical adaptations, and where their fossils were discovered in Ethiopia.

Watch out

Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) is an ancestral hominid, not a member of the genus Homo. Homo habilis is the oldest species belonging to genus Homo.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 33-79, then checked twice before it went up

Human and Natural Resources

Factors Affecting Natural Resources in EthiopiaReference tablePopulation pressure · Resettlement · Agricultural expansion · +1

Factor	Mechanism of Impact	Major Consequences
Population pressure	Excess waste, unsustainable farming, high demand for land and water	Soil infertility, biodiversity loss, water quality deterioration
Resettlement	Moving communities to new areas by clearing dense forests	Deforestation and land degradation at destination sites
Agricultural expansion	Converting forest to farmland, excessive chemical fertilizers and pesticides	Extensive deforestation, soil and water chemical contamination
Rapid urbanization	Rural-to-urban migration, infrastructure building, sand and gravel excavation	Unplanned city sprawl, quarrying, land and forest loss

When you use it

Use when identifying the four human drivers of resource degradation in Ethiopia and their specific environmental impacts.

Watch out

Resettlement aims to solve rural food security but causes severe deforestation specifically at destination sites.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 80-94, then checked twice before it went up

Population and Resource RelationshipsReference tableOverpopulation · Underpopulation · Optimum population

Concept	Population vs Resources	Key Characteristics	Population Policy
Overpopulation	$P > R$	Low per capita income, high unemployment, outward migration	Anti-natalist: reduce birth rate (e.g. China, Ethiopia)
Underpopulation	$P < R$	Unused resources, low unemployment, inward migration	Pro-natalist: increase birth rate (e.g. France, Sweden)
Optimum population	$P = R$	Balanced relationship, resources support population comfortably	Policy aims to maintain balance

When you use it

Use when comparing overpopulation, underpopulation, optimum population, and the population policies designed to manage them.

Watch out

Underpopulation features low unemployment and inward migration, the exact opposite of overpopulation.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 80-94, then checked twice before it went up

Renewable vs Non-renewable ResourcesReference tableReplacement · Availability · Carbon and environment · +1

Feature	Renewable Resources	Non-renewable Resources
Replacement	Can replace themselves naturally after use	Cannot be replaced once used
Availability	Exists in unlimited amount	Exists in limited supply
Carbon and environment	Lower carbon emission, less environmental impact	Higher carbon emission, more environmental impact
Examples	Air, water, sunlight, wind, forest	Petroleum, natural gas, coal, fossil fuels, opal

When you use it

Use when classifying natural resources by their ability to regenerate and assessing their environmental impacts.

Watch out

Opal and fossil fuels are non-renewable. Forests are renewable only if scientifically and carefully managed.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 80-94, then checked twice before it went up

Ancient Civilizations and Medieval

Milestones of Christianity and IslamReference tableEdict of Milan · Official State Religion · Hejira · +1

Historical Milestone	Year / Period	Key Figures or Place	Significance
Edict of Milan	4th century AD	Emperor Constantine	Granted religious toleration to Christians in the Roman Empire
Official State Religion	392 AD	Emperor Theodosius	Proclaimed Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire
Hejira	622 AD	Prophet Mohammed (Mecca to Medina)	Flight to Medina, marking the start of the Islamic calendar
Four Caliphs Era	632 to 661 AD	Abu Bakar, Umar, Othman, Ali	Successors who expanded Islam across the Middle East and North Africa

When you use it

Use this card to review key dates, rulers, and milestones in the spread of Christianity and Islam during ancient and medieval times.

Watch out

Emperor Constantine granted toleration, but Emperor Theodosius made Christianity the official state religion. Also, Buddhism emerged from Hinduism, not Hinduism from Buddhism.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 95-124, then checked twice before it went up

Ancient History of Africa

Ancient African Capitals and Political CentersReference tableOld Kingdom of Egypt · Middle and New Kingdoms · Nubia / Kush (Early) · +1

State or Period	Capital City	Key Historical Fact
Old Kingdom of Egypt	Memphis	First political capital of ancient Egyptian civilization
Middle and New Kingdoms	Thebes	Political centre during the Middle and New Kingdom eras
Nubia / Kush (Early)	Napata	Capital of combined Egypt and Nubia until destroyed in 670 BC
Kingdom of Meroe	Meroe	Flourished as an iron-working center, destroyed in 350 AD

When you use it

Use this to identify and match the political capitals of ancient Egypt, Nubia, and Meroe.

Watch out

Memphis was the capital of the Old Kingdom only. Thebes served as capital for the Middle and New Kingdoms.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 125-141, then checked twice before it went up

Chronology of Nubia and MeroeReference tablec. 1500 BC · 750 BC to 670 BC · 670 BC · +2

Date or Period	Major Historical Event	Outcome
c. 1500 BC	Egyptian conquest of Nubia	Nubians adopted Egyptian art, architecture, and language
750 BC to 670 BC	Nubians conquered and ruled Egypt	Napata became the capital of the combined territory
670 BC	Assyrian invasion of Egypt	Assyrians drove out Kushites and destroyed Napata
6th Century BC to 1st Century BC	Peak of Meroetic civilization	Developed iron industry, weapons, and Horn of Africa trade
c. 350 AD	Aksumite King Ezana invaded Meroe	Meroe was sacked, marking the end of Meroetic civilization

When you use it

Use this to trace the major historical shifts, foreign invasions, and dates for Nubia and Meroe.

Watch out

The Assyrians destroyed Napata in 670 BC, whereas King Ezana of Aksum destroyed Meroe in 350 AD.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 125-141, then checked twice before it went up

Key Terms of Ancient Egyptian CivilizationReference tablePharaoh · Vizier · Nome and Nomarch · +4

Term	Definition and Role
Pharaoh	Supreme ruler and king of ancient Egypt
Vizier	Prime minister who assisted the Pharaoh to govern
Nome and Nomarch	42 provinces (nomes) and their appointed governors (nomarchs)
Hieroglyphics	Ancient pictorial writing system carved on stone and walls
Papyrus	Paper-like writing sheet made from river plants
Mummification	Process of preserving a dead body intact for the afterlife
Pyramid	Large stone royal tomb built for the Pharaohs

When you use it

Use this to define administrative, religious, and cultural vocabulary of ancient Egypt.

Watch out

Do not confuse hieroglyphics (a writing system) with mummification (preservation of dead bodies).

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 125-141, then checked twice before it went up

States and Peoples of Ancient and Medieval Ethiopia

19th Century Long Distance Trade TermsReference tableJabarti · Afkala · Negadras · +2

Term	Classification	Definition and Function
Jabarti	Northern Merchants	Northern Ethiopian Muslim merchants in long-distance trade
Afkala	Southwestern Merchants	Oromo Muslim merchants dominating southwestern trade routes
Negadras	Trade Title	Head of the caravan merchants and trade director
Amole	Traditional Currency	Salt bars used as the primary domestic medium of exchange
Maria Theresa	Imported Currency	Austrian silver thaler circulating widely from late 18th century

When you use it

Use when identifying the merchant groups, trade leaders, and exchange media that operated across Ethiopia's 19th-century trade networks.

Watch out

Jabarti operated in the north while Afkala operated in the southwest. Do not switch their geographic regions.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 142-180, then checked twice before it went up

Ethiopian Dynasties and ErasReference tableAksum (c. 2nd C. BC to c. 1150 AD) · Zagwe (c. 1150 to 1270 AD) · Gondar (1636 to 1769 AD) · +1

Period or Dynasty	Center or Founder	Key Legacy or Event
Aksum (c. 2nd C. BC to c. 1150 AD)	Aksum / Port of Adulis	Monolithic stelae, minted coins, Christianity adopted (c. 330 AD)
Zagwe (c. 1150 to 1270 AD)	Marra Takla Haymanot (Adefa / Lalibela)	11 monolithic rock-hewn churches, substitute for Jerusalem
Gondar (1636 to 1769 AD)	King Fasiledes (Gondar)	Stone castles, urban growth, separate quarters like Addis Alem
Zemene Mesafint (1769 to 1855 AD)	Ras Michael Sehul / Yejju Dynasty (Debre Tabor)	Regional warlords ruled, puppet kings at Gondar, ended by Tewodros II

When you use it

Use to compare the chronological timeline, political centers, founders, and major achievements of Ethiopian historical periods from Aksum to the Zemene Mesafint.

Watch out

Aksum was not the first state in Ethiopia (Punt and Damat were earlier), and during the Zemene Mesafint kings merely reigned while regional lords held actual power.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 142-180, then checked twice before it went up

Gadaa System Age Grades and RolesReference tableDabale · Gamme · Folle · +4

Grade	Age Range (Years)	Role and Responsibility
Dabale	0 to 8	Socialization
Gamme	9 to 16	Schooling and basic training
Folle	17 to 24	Military training and agricultural work
Qondala	25 to 32	Military service
Raba-Dori	33 to 40	Candidates for political power
Luba	41 to 48	Leaders of the Gada government
Yuba	49 to 80	Senior advisors, educators, and ritual leaders

When you use it

Use to identify the progressive 8-year age grades of the Gadaa system along with the specific social, military, and governing roles assigned to each.

Watch out

Luba (41 to 48 years) is the stage of active government leadership. Raba-Dori are only candidates, and Yuba act as advisors.

Drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, pages 142-180, then checked twice before it went up

Contemporary Global Issues

The same subject in other years

An exam paper keeps asking for what the year below taught. Those cards are here too.

Grade 821 cards

Your other Grade 7 subjects

Everything else in this year that has cards so far.

Questions students ask

What do the Grade 7 Social Studies cards cover?: 17 cards across 7 chapters of the national textbook: Physical Characteristics of the Earth, Human Evolution and World Population, Human and Natural Resources, Ancient Civilizations and Medieval, Ancient History of Africa, States and Peoples of Ancient and Medieval Ethiopia and Contemporary Global Issues. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.
Is there a national exam in Grade 7?: No. Ethiopia sets national exams in Grade 6, Grade 8 and Grade 12 only. These cards are for your school's own exams, and for the national exam that comes a few years later.
Where do these cards come from?: They are drafted from Grade 7 Social Studies, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.
Is this free?: Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.
When was this last checked?: 30 August 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

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