What do the Grade 8 Career and Technical Education cards cover?

14 cards across 7 chapters of the national textbook: Personal career selection, Self employment opportunities, Employability, Preparing for employment, Entrepreneurship and 2 more. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.

Do these help with the Grade 8 national exam?

Yes. Grade 8 sits a national exam, and these are the Career and Technical Education rules and formulas it expects you to know. Past papers with a worked answer behind every question are on the same site, also free.

Where do these cards come from?

They are drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.

Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.

When was this last checked?

30 August 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

Free short notes and revision cards

Grade 8 Career and Technical Education

Grade 8 Career and Technical Education on Temari has 14 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.

14
Cards: 7
Chapters: 3
Reference tables: Grade 8 Career and Technical Education
Textbook: Free
Price: 30 August 2026
Last checked

Everything14Method9Reference table3Rule2

Personal career selection

Four Steps of Career SelectionMethod1. Research · 2. Evaluation · 3. Discussion · +1

Step	Action
1. Research	List all available career opportunities in your locality comprehensively.
2. Evaluation	Compare and contrast careers based on required skills, knowledge, and resources.
3. Discussion	Discuss choices with peers and teachers to get feedback and compare options.
4. Decision	Select a single career based on research, evaluation, and discussion.

When you use it

Use when selecting an occupation systematically from opportunities available in your locality.

Watch out

Do not decide on a career before evaluating requirements and discussing options with others.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 1-13, then checked twice before it went up

Seven Steps to Find the Right CareerMethodStep 1 · Step 2 · Step 3 · +4

Step	Description
Step 1	Make a master list of all occupations from self-assessment.
Step 2	Explore the list and reduce it to 5 to 10 options.
Step 3	Narrow down to a shortlist of 2 to 5 occupations.
Step 4	Get in-depth information and advice from people working in those careers.
Step 5	Make your career choice based on gathered information.
Step 6	Identify short-term and long-term goals.
Step 7	Make a written career action plan as a roadmap.

When you use it

Use when narrowing down career options to establish goals and an action plan.

Watch out

Short-term goals take six months to three years to achieve, whereas long-term goals take three to five years.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 1-13, then checked twice before it went up

Self employment opportunities

Photocopier Cleaning and Maintenance RulesRuleCleaning solution · Direct spraying · Cloth material · +2

Maintenance Rule	Procedure and Safety Requirement
Cleaning solution	Moisten a clean, soft, dust-free cotton cloth with 70% isopropyl alcohol and 30% water.
Direct spraying	Never spray liquids directly onto the machine and ensure no liquid drips from the cloth.
Cloth material	Do not use fibrous materials such as paper towels that cause scratches or leave debris.
Wiping direction	Always wipe away from entry areas so dirt and debris do not fall into the paper path.
Paper dust control	Periodically wipe feed tires clean and vacuum internal dust to prevent paper jams.

When you use it

Apply these maintenance and cleaning rules during routine care of a photocopy machine to prevent breakdowns.

Watch out

Never spray liquids directly onto the photocopier or use paper towels, which scratch surfaces and leave fibers.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 14-39, then checked twice before it went up

Steps to Use a PhotocopierMethod1 · 2 · 3 · +3

Step	Action	Description
1	Turn on machine	Plug into power source and push the power button on the face or side.
2	Place document	Lift cover and place document face downward on the glass aligned with guide marks.
3	Select quantity	Use the digital display and plus or minus buttons to set the required number of copies.
4	Adjust color	Go to menu settings, choose color preference, and click save.
5	Select paper size	Choose the correct paper size, such as standard 8.5 by 11 inches, in the tray.
6	Press copy button	Press the copy or start button to begin printing the copies.

When you use it

Use these steps when operating a photocopying machine to duplicate documents in an office or small business setting.

Watch out

Place the document facing downward on the glass according to the guide marks. Do not push the wrong button to avoid sleep mode.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 14-39, then checked twice before it went up

Unit 3

Checking Tyre PressureMethod1 · 2 · 3 · +3

Step	Action
1	Check the tyre placard on the door opening or owner manual for correct front and rear pressures.
2	Unscrew the cap on the air valve of the tyre.
3	Push the tyre pressure gauge firmly onto the tyre valve.
4	Look at the pressure reading on the gauge.
5	If reading is low, attach air hose to inflate to correct level and recheck with gauge.
6	Screw the cap back onto the tyre air valve.

When you use it

Use this procedure to measure and adjust tyre inflation to ensure vehicle safety, even wear, and maximum tyre life.

Watch out

A hissing sound indicates the gauge is not seated firmly or needs angle adjustment, producing an inaccurate reading.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 40-71, then checked twice before it went up

Seven Steps of the Selling ProcessMethod1 · 2 · 3 · +4

Step	Stage	Description
1	Prospecting	Identify potential customers for the product.
2	Pre-approach	Collect information and understand prospects before contact.
3	Approach	Meet the customer for the first time.
4	Presentation	Explain how the product satisfies needs and adds value.
5	Handling objections	Clarify doubts, answer questions, and eliminate purchase hesitations.
6	Closing	Ask the customer to place an order.
7	Follow-up	Ensure customer satisfaction and build lasting business relationships.

When you use it

Use this sequence when executing personal selling in a retail business.

Watch out

Closing is not the final step. The process finishes with follow-up to build repeat business.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 40-71, then checked twice before it went up

Unit 4

Floor Cleaning StepsMethod1 · 2 · 3 · +8

Step	Procedure
1	Choose a mop and a bucket suitable for the floor type.
2	Choose a cleaning detergent designed for your flooring.
3	Sweep or vacuum the floor thoroughly before mopping.
4	Fill buckets with hot water and add detergent to the wash bucket.
5	Dip the mop and wring it out until it is damp, not soaking wet.
6	Begin mopping backward from one end to avoid stepping on wet areas.
7	Rub stubborn spots back and forth rapidly with downward pressure.
8	Rinse the mop thoroughly in the rinse bucket and wring out dirty water.
9	Continue the mopping and rinsing process section by section.
10	Do a final rinse over the entire floor with clean hot water.
11	Allow the mop, bucket, and floor to dry completely.

When you use it

Use this sequential procedure when performing wet mopping on household or commercial floors.

Watch out

Never use soap based detergents or wax polish as they leave a dull film or cause slipperiness, and do not use water on wood floors.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 72-107, then checked twice before it went up

Hand Washing StepsMethod1 · 2 · 3 · +7

Step	Action
1	Wet hands using water.
2	Apply enough liquid soap to create a good lather.
3	Rub palms together.
4	Rub the back of hands by interchanging both hands.
5	Interlink your fingers.
6	Cup your fingers.
7	Clean the thumbs.
8	Rub palms with your fingers.
9	Wash your hands with water until cleaned.
10	Dry your hands before touching any object.

When you use it

Use this procedure before food handling and after cleaning tasks to maintain hygiene.

Watch out

Always dry hands completely before touching objects because wet and moist hands are easily recontaminated.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 72-107, then checked twice before it went up

Employability

Characteristics of Effective TeamworkRuleGroup Cohesion · Communication · Defined Purpose

Characteristic	Importance for Teamwork
Group Cohesion	Strong bonding within the team directly improves group productivity and performance.
Communication	Enables members to overcome obstacles, resolve conflicts, and prevent misunderstandings.
Defined Purpose	Establishes a common goal and clear individual roles so everyone works in the same direction.

When you use it

Apply these core principles whenever you collaborate in a group to achieve shared goals.

Watch out

Technical ability alone is not enough. Without communication and group cohesion, team tasks fail.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 108-119, then checked twice before it went up

Seven Tips to Boost EmployabilityMethod1. Be up to date · 2. Adjust your CV · 3. Emphasize soft skills · +4

Tip	Action
1. Be up to date	Keep up with current workplace trends, technology, and problem-solving methods.
2. Adjust your CV	Tailor your curriculum vitae to match the specific job description and requirements.
3. Emphasize soft skills	Develop teamwork, communication, and time management through volunteering and projects.
4. Use your contacts	Build professional networks to connect with industry experts and potential employers.
5. Think like an employer	Focus on the benefits you bring to the business rather than just listing features.
6. Use social media wisely	Use platforms like LinkedIn, Telegram, and Facebook to search for job vacancies.
7. Prepare smartly	Research the company products, services, and workplace before attending the interview.

When you use it

Use these steps to increase your chances of securing, retaining, and progressing in a job.

Watch out

Do not send a generic CV to every employer. Customise your CV to match the specific job requirements.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 108-119, then checked twice before it went up

Preparing for employment

Common Workplace ProblemsReference tableConflict · Poor communication · Discrimination · +1

Problem	Description
Conflict	Clash between individuals from differences in thought, attitude, or interest.
Poor communication	Ineffective exchange of information and ideas within an organization.
Discrimination	Unfair treatment based on race, gender, age, ethnicity, or disability.
Harassment	Systematic unwanted and annoying actions, including physical threats.

When you use it

Use to identify and differentiate types of misconduct and interpersonal issues in a workplace.

Watch out

Do not confuse discrimination, which is unfair treatment based on identity attributes, with harassment, which involves repeated unwanted actions or threats.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 120-130, then checked twice before it went up

Workplace Problem Solving StepsMethod

When you use it

Use when resolving conflicts, complaints, or unexpected operational challenges in a workplace.

Watch out

Do not take extreme disciplinary actions like termination without prior verbal and written warnings and factual discussions.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, pages 120-130, then checked twice before it went up

Entrepreneurship

Classification of Entrepreneurs by Economic DevelopmentReference tableInnovating · Adoptive (Imitative) · Fabian · +1

Category	Defining Characteristic
Innovating	Introduces new techniques, products, or markets
Adoptive (Imitative)	Copies and applies innovations created by others
Fabian	Cautious, follows tradition, and adopts changes with great reluctance
Drone	Refuses to adopt changes or opportunities, struggling to survive

When you use it

Use this to distinguish among the four categories of entrepreneurs based on how they adopt innovation and economic changes.

Watch out

Do not confuse Fabian with Drone. Fabian entrepreneurs are cautious and slow to adapt, whereas Drone entrepreneurs completely refuse to adopt new opportunities.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, page 131 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

Four Models of EntrepreneurshipReference tableSmall Business · Scalable Startup · Large Company · +1

Model	Main Focus
Small Business	Operates locally using owner funds with no intention of becoming a chain
Scalable Startup	Starts from a seed idea, uses external investors, and aims for rapid expansion
Large Company	Creates a new business entity or product within an existing corporation
Social Entrepreneurship	Focuses on solving community problems and creating positive social change

When you use it

Use this when classifying an enterprise according to its growth goals, funding sources, and organizational structure.

Watch out

Social entrepreneurship may generate income to sustain operations, but its primary purpose is community service, not making a profit.

Drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, page 131 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

The same subject in other years

An exam paper keeps asking for what the year below taught. Those cards are here too.

Grade 714 cards

Your other Grade 8 subjects

Everything else in this year that has cards so far.

Questions students ask

What do the Grade 8 Career and Technical Education cards cover?: 14 cards across 7 chapters of the national textbook: Personal career selection, Self employment opportunities, Employability, Preparing for employment, Entrepreneurship and 2 more. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.
Do these help with the Grade 8 national exam?: Yes. Grade 8 sits a national exam, and these are the Career and Technical Education rules and formulas it expects you to know. Past papers with a worked answer behind every question are on the same site, also free.
Where do these cards come from?: They are drafted from Grade 8 Career and Technical Education, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.
Is this free?: Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.
When was this last checked?: 30 August 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

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