Free short notes and revision cards
Grade 8 Information Technology on Temari has 15 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.
Show one kind of card
When you use it
Use this card when answering questions about the limits and characteristics of computer calculations.
Watch out
A computer has 100 percent accuracy in its operations, but it has no IQ or feelings. If incorrect data is entered, the computer produces an incorrect result without self correction.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 1-18, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this rule when describing the complete data processing cycle of a computer system.
Watch out
Do not confuse the device used with the function. A printer is an output hardware device, while outputting is the function.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 1-18, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this to avoid standard errors on CPU speed units, optical disc names, and CU responsibilities.
Watch out
DVD stands for Digital Versatile Disc, not Digital Video Disc. CPU speed is measured in Hertz (Hz), not only Megahertz. The Control Unit directs operations but does not perform calculations itself.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 19-39, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use when troubleshooting formulas that display as plain text instead of calculating values.
Watch out
Writing SUM(B3:B9) or B2+B3 without the leading equal sign causes the spreadsheet to treat it as ordinary text, so no calculation happens.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 40-62, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use when writing any calculation, mathematical expression, or predefined function in a spreadsheet cell.
Watch out
Every formula or function must start with the equal sign (=), followed by the expression or function name with arguments in parentheses.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 40-62, then checked twice before it went up
| Software Type | Primary Role | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Operating System | Manages hardware and software resources, provides common services | Windows, Mac OS, Linux |
| Utility Software | Manages configuration, performance, and maintenance tasks | Anti-virus, Backup software |
| Driver Software | Controls hardware devices and enables peripherals to communicate with the OS | Printer driver |
| Application Software | Assists users to perform specific tasks such as text, calculations, and media | Word processor, Spreadsheet, Power Point |
When you use it
Use when identifying or classifying software programs based on their role in a computer system.
Watch out
Driver software specifically allows external devices to talk to the operating system, whereas utility software optimizes and maintains the system.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 40-62, then checked twice before it went up
| Utility Category | Purpose | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| System Utilities | System diagnostics, network management, and security | Anti-virus, Diagnostic programs, Network utilities |
| Storage Management Utilities | Managing storage disks, formatting, and partitioning | Backup software, Disk formatters, Disk partition editors |
| File Management Utilities | Protecting, compressing, and transforming files | Data recovery, Data compression, Data conversion |
When you use it
Use when grouping maintenance tools by their functional area in system management.
Watch out
Data compression belongs to file management utilities, not storage management utilities.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 40-62, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use when distinguishing between the physical network and the services running on it.
Watch out
The Internet is the global network of interconnected computers, whereas the WWW is a collection of web pages and websites that forms only one part of the Internet.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 63-80, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use when identifying the required components of a web address or an electronic mail address.
Watch out
Email addresses take the form username@domainname, cannot contain spaces, and are not case sensitive. A URL contains a protocol identifier and a resource name.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 63-80, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use when explaining radiation exposure risks and battery power dynamics in portable devices.
Watch out
Do not assume low signal reduces phone radiation. The device increases its transmission power to stay connected to distant towers, transmitting significantly more radiation.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 81-90, then checked twice before it went up
| Body Part | Recommended Posture |
|---|---|
| Elbows | Above desk, at 90 to 110 degrees |
| Hips, knees, ankles | At 90 degrees whilst seated |
| Backrest | Angled at 90 to 110 degrees with lumbar support |
| Eyes | Looking at top third of screen |
| Feet | Flat on the ground or footrest |
When you use it
Use when identifying the correct angles, heights, and physical setup for computer workstations.
Watch out
The goal of ergonomics is preventing soft tissue injuries and musculoskeletal disorders, not software or system security.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, pages 81-90, then checked twice before it went up
| Primitive | Meaning | Action |
|---|---|---|
| FD | Forward | Moves turtle forward |
| BK | Back | Moves turtle backward |
| RT | Right | Turns turtle right |
| LT | Left | Turns turtle left |
| HT | Hide Turtle | Hides turtle |
| ST | Show Turtle | Shows turtle |
| CS | Clear Screen | Clears screen and returns turtle HOME |
| CT | Clear Text | Clears text in recall list box |
| HOME | Home | Brings turtle to centre position |
| PU | Penup | Moves turtle without drawing line |
| PD | Pendown | Puts pen down to resume drawing |
When you use it
Use this reference to recall standard turtle movement and screen control commands.
Watch out
CS clears the graphics screen and resets the turtle, while CT clears the text list box only.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, page 91 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
| Statement | General Syntax |
|---|---|
| ifelse | ifelse [condition] [action if true] [action if false] |
| until | until [condition] [action] |
| while | while [condition] [action] |
| do.until | do.until [action] [condition] |
| do.while | do.while [action] [condition] |
When you use it
Use when writing branch decisions or repeated actions based on conditions in LOGO.
Watch out
In until and while, the condition comes before the action; in do.until and do.while, the action comes first.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, page 91 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this structure to save a reusable sequence of commands or to create recursive procedures.
Watch out
Every procedure must start with TO followed by the procedure name and finish with END on a new line. In a recursive procedure, the procedure calls itself from within its own body.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, page 91 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
When you use it
Use this rule when assigning a value to a variable or reading its value in expressions.
Watch out
Use a quotation mark before the variable name to assign it (e.g. make "size 10), but use a colon to read its value (e.g. print :size). Writing size without a colon is treated as raw text.
Drafted from Grade 8 Information Technology, page 91 onwards, then checked twice before it went up
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