What do the Grade 9 History cards cover?

24 cards across 9 chapters of the national textbook: The discipline of history and human evolution, Ancient world civilizations up to c. 500AD, Africa and the outside world 1500- 1880s, States, principalities, population movements, Political, social and economic processes in ethi and 4 more. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.

Is there a national exam in Grade 9?

No. Ethiopia sets national exams in Grade 6, Grade 8 and Grade 12 only. These cards are for your school's own exams, and for the national exam that comes a few years later.

Where do these cards come from?

They are drafted from Grade 9 History, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.

Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.

When was this last checked?

30 August 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

Free short notes and revision cards

Grade 9 History

Grade 9 History on Temari has 24 revision cards, arranged by the chapters of the Ethiopian national curriculum. Every card says when the rule applies, what each symbol in it stands for, and the mistake students most often make with it. They are free to read and need no account.

24
Cards: 9
Chapters: 23
Reference tables: Grade 9 History
Textbook: Free
Price: 30 August 2026
Last checked

Everything24Reference table23Common mistake1

The discipline of history and human evolution

Classification of Historical SourcesReference tablePrimary Sources · Secondary Sources · Oral Traditions

Source Type	Definition	Examples
Primary Sources	Original materials contemporary with the events under study	Monuments, fossils, coins, inscriptions, manuscripts, chronicles, diaries, court records
Secondary Sources	Second hand accounts derived from primary sources	History textbooks, reference books, biographies, articles, historical movies
Oral Traditions	Historical accounts transmitted by word of mouth across generations	Oral stories, folk tales, eyewitness accounts (classified by nature of informants)

When you use it

Use to distinguish between primary, secondary, and oral sources when evaluating historical evidence.

Watch out

Oral traditions can qualify as primary or secondary sources depending on whether the informant witnessed the event directly or received it across generations.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 2-22, then checked twice before it went up

Hominid and Human Evolution SequenceReference tableSahelanthropus tchadensis · Ardipithecus ramidus · Australopithecus afarensis · +3

Species	Age / Discovery Site	Distinctive Features
Sahelanthropus tchadensis	7 to 6 million years ago (Chad)	Oldest known early hominid fossil in Africa
Ardipithecus ramidus	4.4 million years ago (Aramis, Afar)	Earliest hominid discovered in Ethiopia
Australopithecus afarensis	3.18 million years ago (Hadar, Afar)	Lucy (Dinkinesh), upright walking bipedal ancestor
Homo habilis	Oldest Homo species (Omo Valley, Ethiopia)	Handy human, early toolmaker
Homo erectus	2 to 1 million years ago (Omo, Melka Kunture)	Upright human, mastered fire, first to migrate out of Africa
Homo sapiens sapiens	c. 40,000 years ago	Modern human, large brain, complex thought, language, and culture

When you use it

Use when identifying the chronological sequence of early human ancestors, discovery sites in Ethiopia, and evolutionary traits.

Watch out

Homo erectus was the first hominid to master the use of fire and migrate out of Africa into Europe and Asia.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 2-22, then checked twice before it went up

Stages of the Stone AgeReference tablePaleolithic (Old Stone Age) · Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) · Neolithic (New Stone Age)

Period	Time Range	Key Characteristics and Inventions
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)	2.6 million to 300,000 years ago	Crude stone tools (hand axes), cave shelter, discovery of fire, beginning of language
Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)	300,000 to 45,000 years ago	Transitional era, slightly improved and more adaptable stone tools
Neolithic (New Stone Age)	8,000 BC to 4,000 BC	Agricultural revolution, domestication of plants and animals, sedentary life, pottery

When you use it

Use to compare the chronological divisions, time spans, and major technological shifts of the Stone Age.

Watch out

The Neolithic Revolution signifies the start of systematic food production and settled life, not merely sharper stone tools.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 2-22, then checked twice before it went up

Ancient world civilizations up to c. 500AD

Ancient Civilizations and Writing SystemsReference tableEgypt · Mesopotamia (Sumer) · China · +2

Civilization	Region or River	Writing System	Key Contributions
Egypt	Nile Valley	Hieroglyphics	Papyrus, pyramids, mummification, medicine
Mesopotamia (Sumer)	Tigris and Euphrates	Cuneiform	Ziggurats, plough, potter wheel, bronze
China	Hwang Ho (Yellow River)	Logographic	Great Wall, bronze vessels, philosophy
Maya	Central America	Advanced glyphs	Accurate yearly calendar, astronomy, limestone pyramids
Aztecs	Valley of Mexico	Pictographic	Tenochtitlan, agriculture, crafts

When you use it

Use this table to match ancient civilizations with their geographic locations, writing systems, and major technological inventions.

Watch out

Do not confuse Cuneiform (Mesopotamia, ideographs) with Hieroglyphics (Egypt) or Logographic writing (China).

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 23-40, then checked twice before it went up

Roman Republic versus Roman EmpireReference tableExecutive Head · Major Legislative Body · Nature of Governance · +1

Feature	Roman Republic (509 BC to 27 BC)	Roman Empire (27 BC to 476 AD)
Executive Head	Two elected Consuls serving for 1 year	A single Emperor
Major Legislative Body	Senate (Senators served for life)	Autocratic rule by one man
Nature of Governance	Democratic society	Autocracy (run only by one man)
War and Peace	Almost constant state of war	First 200 years were relatively peaceful

When you use it

Use this comparison when answering questions on the structural and operational differences between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire.

Watch out

In the Roman Republic, Consuls served for only one year, but Senators served for life.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 23-40, then checked twice before it went up

Timeline of Christianity and Church DivisionsReference table54 to 68 AD · 313 AD · 392 AD · +2

Date or Period	Historical Event
54 to 68 AD	Reign of Nero: Roman government begins persecuting Christians.
313 AD	Emperor Constantine issues Edict of Milan: religious toleration granted.
392 AD	Emperor Theodosius adopts Christianity as the official state religion of Rome.
1054 AD	Great split occurs: divides into Roman Catholic Church and Greek Orthodox Church.
1517 AD	Reformation movement begins: divides Western Christianity into Catholic and Protestant.

When you use it

Use this sequence when answering questions on the legalization, official adoption, and historical splits of Christianity.

Watch out

Do not confuse Constantine granting religious toleration in 313 AD (Edict of Milan) with Theodosius declaring Christianity the official state religion in 392 AD.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 23-40, then checked twice before it went up

Unit 3

Early States and Dynasties to 13th CenturyReference tablePunt · Yeha · Damat · +5

State or Dynasty	Period or Zenith	Center or Capital	Key Historical Feature
Punt	3rd millennium BC	Red Sea and Indian Ocean coasts	Exported gold, ivory, and myrrh to ancient Egypt
Yeha	c. 1000 BC (zenith 750 to 500 BC)	Northeast of Aksum	Oldest pre-Aksumite center, built stone temple with inscriptions
Damat	c. 5th century BC	South of Aksum	Rulers used the South Arabian title Mukarib, used port of Adulis
Aksumite Kingdom	c. 1st century AD to 10th century AD	Aksum	Minted coins, Ge'ez script, monumental stelae, adopted Christianity c. 330 AD
Sultanate of Shewa	896 AD to 1285 AD	Lowland east of Awash River	Earliest Muslim sultanate, founded by Makhzumite dynasty
Zagwe Dynasty	c. 1150 AD to 1270 AD	Adefa (Roha / Lalibela)	Agaw ruling house, constructed eleven monolithic rock-hewn churches
Restored Solomonic Dynasty	1270 AD onwards	Amhara / Shewa highlands	Yekuno Amlak defeated Yetbarek, claimed descent from Dil Naod
Sultanate of Ifat	1285 AD onwards	South of Shewa	Founded by Umar Walasma, annexed Shewa and controlled the Zeila trade route

When you use it

Use when tracing the chronological order, capitals, and major achievements of pre-Aksumite, Aksumite, Zagwe, and Islamic states.

Watch out

The rise of the Zagwe dynasty was a political power shift from Semitic-speaking Aksumite rulers to Cushitic Agaw rulers, not the founding of an entirely new kingdom.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 41-65, then checked twice before it went up

Major Religions and Their IntroductionReference tableIndigenous Religions · Judaism · Christianity · +1

Religion	Time of Introduction	Key Figures or Channels	Major Historical Context
Indigenous Religions	Ancient times	Native spiritual leaders: Qallu and Qallitti	Belief in supreme deity like Waqa with spirits like Ayyana, exhibits syncretism
Judaism	Ancient times	Practiced by Bete-Israel community	Practiced north of Lake Tana (Dembiya, Semen, Wegera), uses Old Testament and Ge'ez
Christianity	c. 330 AD	Frumentius (Abuna Salama) and King Ezana	State religion of Aksum, expanded by the Nine Saints in late 5th century
Islam	615 AD (First Hijra)	King Armah Ella Seham (Al-Nejash)	Gateways: Red Sea, Zeila, and Indian Ocean, expanded inland along trade routes

When you use it

Use when reviewing the entry dates, gateways, figures, and expansion patterns of indigenous, Judaic, Christian, and Islamic faiths in Ethiopia.

Watch out

Islam was not introduced to Ethiopia through jihad. King Armah gave asylum to early Muslim refugees in 615 AD, which led Prophet Mohammed to exempt Aksum from jihad.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 41-65, then checked twice before it went up

Unit 4

Key Historical Milestones (500 to 1750s)Reference table622 AD · 1054 AD · 1071 AD · +3

Year	Event	Historical Significance
622 AD	Hejira (Mecca to Medina)	Beginning of the Islamic calendar
1054 AD	Great Schism	Orthodox Church officially separated from Roman Catholic Church
1071 AD	Battle of Manzikert	Byzantine Empire lost Asia Minor to Seljuk Turks
1453 AD	Fall of Constantinople	Ottomans captured Byzantine capital and renamed it Istanbul
1571 AD	Battle of Lepanto	European fleets ended Ottoman expansion in Europe
1648 AD	Peace of Westphalia	Ended the Thirty Years War in Germany

When you use it

Use for chronology and significance questions covering Byzantine, Islamic, Ottoman, and European conflicts.

Watch out

The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in 1453 (ending the Byzantine Empire), while the Battle of Lepanto in 1571 ended Ottoman naval expansion in Europe.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 66-84, then checked twice before it went up

Key Voyages of the Age of DiscoveryReference tableChristopher Columbus · Vasco da Gama · Ferdinand Magellan

Explorer	Sponsoring Country	Year	Major Achievement
Christopher Columbus	Spain	1492	Reached America (the New World)
Vasco da Gama	Portugal	1498	Discovered sea route to India and Far East
Ferdinand Magellan	Spain	1519-1522	First circumnavigation of the world

When you use it

Use when matching European explorers to their sponsor nations, dates, and geographic discoveries.

Watch out

Christopher Columbus sailed under the Spanish flag despite being Italian, and he died without knowing he reached a new continent.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 66-84, then checked twice before it went up

Reformation and Counter-Reformation LeadersReference tableMartin Luther · Jean Calvin · John Knox · +2

Leader	Region	Movement or Church
Martin Luther	Germany	Started Protestant Reformation (1517)
Jean Calvin	Switzerland and France	Calvinism (French followers called Huguenots)
John Knox	Scotland	Presbyterian Church (1560)
King Henry VIII	England	Anglican Church
Ignatius Loyola	Spain	Society of Jesus (Jesuits, Catholic Counter-Reformation)

When you use it

Use to identify key leaders of Protestant movements, the countries they influenced, and Catholic Counter-Reformation institutions.

Watch out

Do not confuse French Calvinists (Huguenots) with Scottish Calvinists (Presbyterians).

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 66-84, then checked twice before it went up

Unit 5

Four African Language SuperfamiliesReference tableNiger-Congo (Congo-Kordofanian) · Afro-Asiatic · Nilo-Saharan · +1

Super-Family	Major Subgroups	Geographic Region and Key Notes
Niger-Congo (Congo-Kordofanian)	Niger-Congo, Kordofanian (Bantu branch includes over 450 languages like Kiswahili)	Largest number of speakers: West Africa and sub-Saharan Bantu Africa: Kordofanian in Nuba hills
Afro-Asiatic	Berber, Chadic, Coptic (Ancient Egyptian), Cushitic, Omotic, Semitic	Second largest: North Africa, Sahara, Horn of Africa, Lake Chad: Omotic spoken only in Ethiopia
Nilo-Saharan	Chari-Nile, Songhay, Saharan, Meban, Koman, Fur	Third largest in speakers: scattered across north-central and eastern Africa
Khoisan	Khoikhoi, San	Characterised by clicking sounds: spoken in and around the Kalahari Desert (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa)

When you use it

Use when identifying the linguistic classification, branches, or geographical distributions of African language families.

Watch out

Do not classify Omotic outside Ethiopia: it is spoken exclusively within Ethiopia. Kiswahili belongs to the Bantu branch of Niger-Congo, not Afro-Asiatic.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 85-104, then checked twice before it went up

Medieval Empires of Western AfricaReference tableGhana (4th c. to 1076 AD) · Mali (1235 to 15th c.) · Songhai (14th c. to 1591) · +2

Empire or State	Founders / Notable Rulers	Capital and Economic Base	Factor of Decline or Fall
Ghana (4th c. to 1076 AD)	Soninke people	Kumbi Saleh: trans-Saharan gold and salt trade	Invaded and captured by the Almoravids in 1076
Mali (1235 to 15th c.)	Sundiata Keita, Mansa Musa (r. 1312 to 1337)	Timbuktu: Islamic learning centre and trans-Saharan trade	Inefficient leadership and external attacks by the Tuareg
Songhai (14th c. to 1591)	Songhai people (kings accepted Islam in 11th c.)	Gao: trans-Saharan trade and forest gold	Moroccan invasion using firearms at the Battle of Tondibi in 1591
Kanem-Bornu	Muslim ruling dynasty	Grassland trade routes: taxes and protection of caravans	Trade routes shifted from inland routes to the Atlantic coast
Hausa States (1000 to 1200 AD)	Pastoralists and farmers (Kano, Katsina, Zazzau)	Walled Kano: agriculture, crafts, leather, textiles, trade	Gradual political shifts and regional power struggles

When you use it

Use when comparing the timeline, economic foundation, capitals, and collapse of West African trading empires.

Watch out

Songhai fell specifically to Moroccan forces at the Battle of Tondibi in 1591, whereas Ghana fell to the Almoravid invasion in 1076.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 85-104, then checked twice before it went up

Africa and the outside world 1500- 1880s

Phases of the Trans-Atlantic Slave TradeReference tablePiratic Slave Trade · Monopolistic Slave Trade · Free Trade

Phase	Period	Characteristics
Piratic Slave Trade	15th century to 1580s	Individual merchants, adventurers, and sea robbers
Monopolistic Slave Trade	1580s to 1690s	State backed chartered monopoly companies, Triangular Trade
Free Trade	1690s onwards	Fierce competition between individual traders and monopoly companies

When you use it

Use this table when categorising the three historical stages, timeframes, and main actors of the Atlantic slave trade.

Watch out

Do not confuse the Free Trade phase with legitimate commerce. The Free Trade phase was still part of the slave trade.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 105-120, then checked twice before it went up

Southern Africa Colonial Conflicts and MovementsReference tableKhoi-Dutch Wars · Xhosa Frontier Wars · The Great Trek

Event	Period	Core Causes and Outcomes
Khoi-Dutch Wars	1659 and 1673 to 1677	Dutch encroachment on Khoisan grazing lands; loss of Khoisan independence
Xhosa Frontier Wars	1779 to 1870s	Nine frontier wars over fertile Zuurveld grazing territory
The Great Trek	1835 to 1840s	Boer migration northward to escape British rule, slave abolition, and equality laws

When you use it

Use this card to review early Dutch and British colonial expansion and the resistance of indigenous South African peoples.

Watch out

The British captured the Cape in 1795 to block France, not to protect the indigenous population.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 105-120, then checked twice before it went up

Triangular Trade NetworkReference tableFirst Leg · Middle Passage · Final Leg

Leg	Route	Cargo and Commodities
First Leg	Europe to Africa	Manufactured goods, firearms, alcohol, cotton, metal wares
Middle Passage	Africa to Americas	Enslaved African laborers
Final Leg	Americas to Europe	Raw materials, sugar, tobacco, coffee, cotton

When you use it

Use this card to identify the geographic legs, flow direction, and goods exchanged across the three continents.

Watch out

Slaves were transported from Africa to the Americas, not directly from Africa to Europe.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 105-120, then checked twice before it went up

States, principalities, population movements

Decisive Sixteenth Century Adal-Christian EngagementsReference table1529 · 1542 · 1543 · +1

Year	Battle	Combatants	Historical Outcome
1529	Shimbra Kure	Imam Ahmad vs. Lebne-Dengel	Decisive victory for Adal, opening the interior of the Christian kingdom.
1542	Ofla	Imam Ahmad (Ottoman aid) vs. Portuguese and Christian forces	Defeat of the allied Christian army, Christopher da Gama captured and killed.
1543	Woyna-Dega	Gelawdewos (Portuguese aid) vs. Imam Ahmad	Imam Ahmad killed in battle, restoring Christian control over the highlands.
1559	Awash	Emir Nur Mujahid vs. Emperor Gelawdewos	Emir Nur victorious, Emperor Gelawdewos killed in confrontation.

When you use it

Use this to sequence the major armed conflicts between the Christian Kingdom and the Sultanate of Adal between 1529 and 1559.

Watch out

Do not confuse the early victory of Adal at Shimbra Kure (1529) with the final defeat of Imam Ahmad at Woyna-Dega (1543).

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 121-155, then checked twice before it went up

Medieval Land Tenures Rist and GultReference tableRist · Gult

Tenure Type	Legal Basis	Hereditary Status	Key Function and Obligation
Rist	Communal birthright to land	Hereditary	Peasants cultivate and pay tribute (gibber) to the state.
Gult	State conditional grant to officials	Non-hereditary	Right to collect tribute and levy troops, acting as salary substitute.

When you use it

Use this to distinguish between customary peasant land rights and state revenue rights in the medieval Christian kingdom.

Watch out

Do not confuse Gult with land ownership. Gult was a temporary right to collect tribute given to officials in return for state service, not inheritable land.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 121-155, then checked twice before it went up

Oromo Gadaa Age Grades and ResponsibilitiesReference tableDabale · Game · Folle · +4

Grade	Age Range (Years)	Primary Role and Function
Dabale	0 - 8	Socialization and early childhood upbringing.
Game	9 - 16	Socialization and basic learning.
Folle	17 - 24	Military training and agricultural duties.
Qondala	25 - 32	Active military service and defense.
Raba-Dori	33 - 40	Preparation and candidacy for political leadership.
Gadaa (Luba)	41 - 48	Active leadership and governance of the society.
Yuba	49 - 80	Senior advisory, education, and ritual oversight.

When you use it

Use this to outline the sequential eight-year age grades and the corresponding social, military, and political functions in the Gadaa system.

Watch out

Do not confuse the ruling stage (Gadaa/Luba at 41 to 48 years) with the preparatory candidate stage (Raba-Dori) or the military service stage (Qondala).

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 121-155, then checked twice before it went up

Political, social and economic processes in ethi

Gondarine Period and Zemene Mesafint ChronologyReference table1636 · 1632 to 1706 · 1769 · +3

Period or Year	Historical Event	Key Figure or Center
1636	Establishment of Gondar as permanent capital	Emperor Fasiladas
1632 to 1706	Zenith of Gondarine architecture, trade, and learning	Fasiladas, Yohannes I, Iyasu I
1769	Assassination of King Iyoas: Start of Zemene Mesafint	Ras Michael Sehul of Tigray
1786 to 1853	Dominance of Yejju (Warra Sheh) dynasty	Ali I to Ali II (Center: Debre Tabor)
1831	Battle of May-Aslamay in western Tigrai	Ras Marye and Dejjazmach Sabagadis killed
1855	Coronation of Tewodros II: End of Zemene Mesafint	Kasa Hailu of Qwara

When you use it

Use this timeline to track major political shifts from the founding of Gondar to the end of the Zemene Mesafint.

Watch out

The Battle of Sarba-Kussa occurred in 1771 against Ras Michael Sehul, whereas the Yejju dynasty was founded in 1786 by Ali I.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 156-188, then checked twice before it went up

Imperial Authority during Zemene MesafintCommon mistake

When you use it

Use this card when answering questions on power distribution, conflicts, and governance from 1769 to 1855.

Watch out

Do not assume the Gondarine monarchs exercised real authority. The emperors were puppet figures while actual political and military power resided with regional warlords and the Ras Bitweded.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 156-188, then checked twice before it went up

Traditional Political Titles and InstitutionsReference tableKafa · Yem · Wolaita and Gamo · +3

State or Group	Ruler Title	Key Council or Institution
Kafa	Tato	Mikkerecho (12 councillors)
Yem	Tato or Amno	Astessors (12 councillors led by Waso)
Wolaita and Gamo	Kawo	Wolaita Malla and Tigre-Mala; Gamo Duletha assembly
Dawuro and Konta	Kati (Khati)	Kawuka dynasty; Kati Halala defensive stone kella
Hadiya, Sidama, Kambata	Woma / Adila / Garada	Sera customary legal system; Woma-songo / Ogate
Gibe States (Jimma, Limmu)	Moti	Abba Dula war-leader transition from Gadaa

When you use it

Use this card to identify and compare political titles, dynasties, and advisory institutions of southern and western Ethiopian states.

Watch out

Do not confuse Tato (used in Kafa and Yem) with Kawo (used in Wolaita and Gamo) or Kati (used in Dawuro and Konta).

Drafted from Grade 9 History, pages 156-188, then checked twice before it went up

Unit 9

Social Classes of Industrial CapitalismReference tableBourgeoisie · Proletariat

Class	Ownership	Socio-Economic Role
Bourgeoisie	Factories, machinery, raw materials, and finished goods	Controlled capital, employed wage labor, and profited from free markets
Proletariat	Owned only their labor power	Sold labor for low wages, suffered strict discipline, poverty, and child labor

When you use it

Use when identifying the two dominant social classes that emerged during the Industrial Revolution and their economic roles.

Watch out

Do not mix up ownership. The bourgeoisie owned the means of production, while the proletariat owned only their labor.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, page 189 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

Timeline of the Age of Revolutions 1775 to 1815Reference table1776 · 1789 · 1793 to 1794 · +4

Year	Event	Key Significance
1776	US Declaration of Independence	Marked the birth of the USA based on human freedom principles
1789	Storming of the Bastille	Marked the official outbreak of the French Revolution
1793 to 1794	Jacobin Reign of Terror	Radical dictatorship phase led by Robespierre using the guillotine
1799	Napoleon's coup d'état	Overthrew the Directory and ended the French Revolution
1804	Napoleonic Code issued	Guaranteed uniform civil equality regardless of birth or rank
1812	Invasion of Russia	Russian scorched-earth tactics destroyed Napoleon's Grand Army
1815	Battle of Waterloo	Final military defeat of Napoleon by British and Prussian forces

When you use it

Use when ordering major milestones across the American Revolution, French Revolution, and Napoleonic Era.

Watch out

Napoleon was not defeated at Waterloo in 1812. Russia occurred in 1812, Leipzig in 1813, and Waterloo in 1815.

Drafted from Grade 9 History, page 189 onwards, then checked twice before it went up

The same subject in other years

An exam paper keeps asking for what the year below taught. Those cards are here too.

Your other Grade 9 subjects

Everything else in this year that has cards so far.

Questions students ask

What do the Grade 9 History cards cover?: 24 cards across 9 chapters of the national textbook: The discipline of history and human evolution, Ancient world civilizations up to c. 500AD, Africa and the outside world 1500- 1880s, States, principalities, population movements, Political, social and economic processes in ethi and 4 more. You can take any chapter one card at a time on the page itself.
Is there a national exam in Grade 9?: No. Ethiopia sets national exams in Grade 6, Grade 8 and Grade 12 only. These cards are for your school's own exams, and for the national exam that comes a few years later.
Where do these cards come from?: They are drafted from Grade 9 History, the Ministry of Education textbook for this grade. A second pass that cannot see the chapter then re-derives every formula, constant and table row, and anything it cannot confirm is held back instead of published.
Is this free?: Yes. Every card here is free to read and the printable sheet is free to download. Neither needs an account.
When was this last checked?: 30 August 2026. Cards arrive chapter by chapter, and the line under each one says when that card was last read through.

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